What is IPPs? In Pakistan, Independent Power Producers (IPPs) refer to privately owned companies that generate electricity and sell it to the national grid or other consumers. These companies operate independently from the government and play a significant role in the country’s energy sector by supplementing the power generated by public utilities. IPPs were introduced […]
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Climate change is significant threat to all the living things on Earth. Its effects are creating chaos, and they are disrupting everyday life. Therefore, nothing is safe from the effects of Climate Change. It is also changing ecosystems and causing migrations. Furthermore, Climate change is affecting everything on Earth from societies to businesses. Therefore, it […]
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Climate change is a threat and a harsh reality because the effects of climate change are long-lasting. It is transforming our planet in many ways. The rising temperatures, melting ice caps, and extreme weather events are just the beginning of this change. Furthermore, it is not only affecting the environment but also human health, economies, […]
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Climate Change is not a myth anymore. It is a serious threat, that we cannot ignore. There are many causes of Climate Change. Some of these are natural and some are caused by human-beings. Both the natural and human causes of Climate Change are discussed below. Human Causes of Climate Change Burning Fossil Fuels Scientists […]
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4. Operation Sirat-e-Mustaqeem (2008) Background and Objectives: Focused on the Khyber Agency, a crucial area for militant operations and smuggling routes used by various sectarian militant groups. Aimed to neutralize these groups, secure key logistical routes, and reduce sectarian violence. Operations and Tactics: Led by the Pakistan Army with significant support from the Frontier Corps. […]
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Introduction Post-9/11, Pakistan became a crucial frontline state in the global war on terror. The influx of Al-Qaeda and Taliban militants into Pakistan’s tribal regions, particularly the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), posed significant security challenges. In response, the Pakistan military launched a series of operations aimed at dismantling terrorist networks and restoring state authority. […]
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Introduction to Hybrid Warfare In the Nuclear Age, it is disastrous for countries to confront each other in the battlefield directly, so they avoid it. Moreover, direct military confrontation has economic and human costs, for example, in the 20-year Afghan war America spent more than 760 billion dollars which is a huge amount. Nowadays countries […]
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