Introduction In 1943, Lord Wavell took charge as the Viceroy of India. He was charged with presenting a formula for the future government of India that would be acceptable to both INC and the All-India Muslim League, allowing for a smooth transition of power. Lord Wavell was considered an appropriate person for this task because […]
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Introduction The Cripps Mission of 1942 was an important event in India’s struggle for independence. It was a diplomatic initiative commenced by the British government to secure Indian cooperation and support during World War II. Background of the Cripps Mission of 1942 The Cripps Mission was named after Sir Stafford Cripps, a member of the […]
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Introduction The Lahore Resolution plays an important role in the Pakistan Movement. It provided a clear direction to the Muslim leaders who were fighting for Muslim rights in India. It was moved by A. K. Fazal Ul Haq, the resolution stated, “No constitutional plan would be workable in this country or acceptable to the Muslims […]
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Introduction to the Congress Ministries Congress ministries were formed in July 1937. They had adopted a bitter policy against the Muslims of India. The atrocities of Congress Ministries are given below. Mosques and Cow Slaughter Banned New mosque construction had been banned, and Muslims were harassed during their prayer time. Intolerance towards religion ruled the […]
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Background The Round Table Conferences had failed, therefore, the British government established a Joint Select Committee with the task of formulating the new constitution for India. It comprised 16 members from the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Moreover, 20 representatives from British India and seven from the princely states also joined the […]
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Introduction Some of the Muslim scholars and leaders who were well aware of the Hindu-Muslim conflict called for India’s separation. Allama Muhammad Iqbal, however, provided the clearest description of the inner sentiments of the Muslim community in his December 29, 1930, presidential address to the All India Muslim League in Allahabad. By 1930, Allama Muhammad […]
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Background Nehru Report was against the demands of Muslims according to their Delhi Proposals. Therefore, Jinnah offered his suggestions in the form of Fourteen Points in March 1929, to counter the recommendations given in the Nehru Report. Moreover, in these points he insisted that no scheme for the future constitution of the government of India […]
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The Indians boycotted Simon Commission because it lacked any Indian members. Therefore, Lord Birkenhead, the Secretary of State for Indian Affairs, challenged the Indian leaders to draft a constitution for India. The reason is that, he believed that Indian leaders were not capable of drafting a constitution. Thus, this constitutional report by the Indians is […]
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Seven British Members of Parliament headed the Simon Commission. It was sent to India in 1928 to examine the Government of India Act 1919. Moreover, it was to propose constitutional amendments, and offer suggestions to the government. The Indian Statutory Commission was the initial name of the Commission. Later on, it became known as the […]
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Introduction to Governance and its Elements Governance is all about how decisions are made and carried out. It’s built on five main pillars: When these elements are in place, governance is strong, which helps build trust among people, maintains stability, and supports the growth and development of the country. Causes of Bad Governance in Pakistan […]
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